History of Renault
A Renault S.A. (Reno is pronounced) French is a factory that produces vehicles from cars small and medium, vans, buses and trucks. It is known that the prototypes developed and still develops. Today is the automaker with the best results in crash tests (crash tests) conducted in Europe by EuroNCAP.
History
The first, not give 24 December 1898, date accepted by most researchers to mark the birth of Renault. That Christmas Eve, Louis Renault, Then a couple of 21 newly years out of the army, colocou na rua in its Voiturette A, craftsmen who built a car in the garage of his parents' home, using as a basis a De Dion-Bouton tricycle.
Friends unbelievers bet with Louis that your car will not go up the street Lepic, em Montmartre, but has íngreme of Paris, com 13% Tilt. Do not know, but, the young man was a genius in mechanics: Cart A has com, He also invented the direct transmission, the first gearbox of automotive history.
The cart went up the hill, Louis Renault won the bet and received, face after, an order to produce more 12 units.
Using your creativity and have a good financial support from brothers, Fernand Marcel e, he began to produce its cars. Two years after the bet rue Lepic, the plant already had 110 employees and had registered patents as the turbocharger and direct exchange with plug.
The three agreed Renault, then, that a good strategy to make the brand even more would be known to participate in motor racing.
Em 1901, its cars won the first four placings in the rally Paris-Bordeaux and the first two in the Paris-Berlin. Em 1902, Marcel at the wheel, Renault won the prestigious Paris-Vienna. Em 1903, but, tragIny struck the factory and the family: Marcel was killed in an accident during the strong rally Paris-Madrid.
Fernand Louis and decided to continue in competition, but hired professional pilots to drive their cars at events all over Europe and in some races in the Americas. The brothers decided, still, and split its functions: Louis would take care of the farming areas, engineering and production. Fernand would be responsible for expanding the sales network of Renault. Not only in Europe, but in the USA.
Deu certo. In 1905, Renault had orders to make 250 taxis to Paris and London. Na factory
Billancourt, where the garage one day out of the parents of Louis, a production line working at a frenetic pace to handle the requests. The company has established itself as the largest automaker in France and, subsequent years, was possible to find the Renault taxis running through cities like New York and Buenos Aires.
The factory was in full swing and, in 1907, ventured into a new area: aircraft engines to.
It has been successful, record-breaking speed in the air.
In 1909, entanto not, a further blow in the family. Ill, Fernand morreu, leaving Louis alone in charge of the company.
The youngest was able to maintain high business, keeping 5.000 employees and an annual production of stable 4.200 units.
Renault back to life hectic days em1914, with the outbreak of World War I. Early in, Renault put one episode in the history of the conflict. The French government used the automaker thousand taxis to take 4.000 men to the front against the Germans in what became known as "taxis of the Marne".
The automaker changed its production line and began manufacturing articles of war: trucks, ambulances, Aviões engines, pumps and the FT17, a tank "light" that was instrumental to the Allies managed to break the German resistance.
The war ended and Louis Renault was victorious, covered with glory and gratitude. His factory was already the largest in France.
But, when he hoped to take another leap for the growth of your company, just the opposite happened. With the end of the conflict, came the global recession. For Piore, Renault began to suffer from American competition. Taxes levied on the production by the French government were so high that it was cheaper for the consumer to import a U.S. Ford than buying a Renault in your city.
The output for Louis Renault was selling part of the company for banks and reorganize the automaker, that em 1921
Passou chamar is a limited company Renault Mills (SAUR). This reorganization, the founder envisioned a company that can operate in all sectors of transport, to attack in all directions to re-grow.
Besides cars, He began to manufacture tractors, vans, bus, trucks, ship engines. Louis wanted to minimize the production costs. Then, also began to manufacture the raw materials it needed. Soon, Renault already had a steel and even tire plants, oil and cardboard!
It was then that Louis began to have another concern: Citroën's growth, which launched its first model in 1919 and specialize in a line of popular vehicles.
A decade of 20 marked the beginning of the dispute between the two French automakers. If one began building buses, the other to follow. When a company decided to test a new market, seguida was peeling rival.
The competition has been good for both companies. In 1930, Renault had factories in England and Belgium and had offices in 49 countries.
Came, then, over a period of global recession, driven by the stock market crash in New York. Louis thought he knew the recipe for his life and continued diversifying its business. He bought a stake in Air France and helped establish the Air Bleu, Airmail French. But also cut wages and increased working hours in their factories, generating multiple waves of protests and strikes.
Clashes on the doors of the factories have become routine and, in 1935, two employees were killed in clashes with police in Billancourt.
That same year, Louis lost its major competitor. Wrapped in debt with banks, despite the
success of their cars, André Citroën morreu, leaving the entire structure of their companies adrift. The French government tried to have absorbed the rival Renault, but this was too much for the temperament of its founder. Proud, Louis did not accept, Michelin and ended with getting control of the Citroen.
Two years later, but, he ended up against another of his convictions. Folded by the will of the market, Renault has followed the example of automakers such as Fiat (with 500) e a Volkswagen (with the Beetle) and to lançou, in 1937, Their first model of "compact car", o Juvaquatre.
It was a two-door car, hydraulic Freios, engine 1.003 ccm and power 24 hp. And that did not serve to improve the company's. Sales never took off and Renault spent the following years trying to get out of the hole, supported mainly in the production of trucks.
The economic and social crisis in France only made the task more difficult. No country all, factories and workers
still conflicting. The franc was devalued every day. Only in 1938, were recorded 1.868 looting in cities. The diversification of production, recipe that Louis took the first recession, not working. The crisis was much heavier and his authoritarian style in dealing with the strikers was no help. Against the wishes of its founder, the company's board decided on a new twist: Drop everything else and just focus on making cars, that each year losing ground for Citroën and Peugeot.
A final deblace em Louis Renault começou 1939, along with the Second World War. Adolf Hitler sympathizer, he believed that the dictator was the only man capable of uniting Europe and winning the U.S., mainly non-commercial aspect. So, when the conflict erupted, fez body mass. It took its factory to put at the disposal of the Allies. Faced with this unexpected resistance, in early 1940, the French government decided to send him to a "diplomatic business trip" to the U.S..
The plan, indeed, was a pretext to remove the manager and use its facilities in favor of the Allies. But there was no time for much. In April of that year the Germans invaded France and took over the complex Billancourt, who used to repair tanks.
This explains why, from 1942, Billancourt's factories have become a major target of the bombing of the Royal Air Force, British air power efficient.
A war terminou, ultimately, in 1944, with the victory of the Allies. Louis, then, imagine being able to rebuild his dream. Enganou-if. He was arrested in September of that year, for "collaborating with the enemy" and died in October, Paris clinic numa.
Months after, The French government, General de Gaulle commanded hair, Renault announced the nationalization of. A
justification, the fact that the factory was used as a "tool of the enemy". The engineer Pierre Lefaucheux was appointed President of the assembler, kicking off a new era.
During two years, Lefaucheux engaged with the reconstruction of Renault. Finally, in 1946, return the plant to launch a car. The focus of the new administration was the 4CV, which achieved a huge success and would become the "grandfather" of the Gordini. Renault was saved.
Between 1979 and 1987, Renault took a majority stake in the company American Motors Corporation (AMC), which was sold to Chrysler in March 1987.
April Em 1986 the French government opposed the privatization of Renault. But, 10 years later, in 1996, the company was partially privatized.
In 2 January 2001, Renault sold its industrial vehicle subdivision (Renault Industrial Vehicles) for Volvo, which renamed it Renault Trucks in 2002.
Current Situation
The French government has 15,7 % company gives, But Renault is a private company. Louis Schweitzer was chief executive of Renault 1992 a 2005, when it was replaced by Carlos Ghosn, that was previously the CEO of Nissan.
A Renault participated em 44,4% stake in Japanese automaker Nissan. Together, they form the Renault-Nissan Alliance (Renault-Nissan Alliance). Other investments are in the Renault Samsung Motors (South Korea), Volvo Trucks in Sweden and the Romanian Dacia.
In South America, Renault has a plant in Argentina since 1967 (although their models are assembled in that country since 1960). In Brazil, was present in the decade of 1960, through the American Willys Overland, that produced under license and Dauphine Gordini models (this, an enhanced version of the Dauphine) to 1967, year in which the Willys Overland sold its Brazilian operations for Ford, or to what herdou “Project M”. This project, developed in partnership between Renault and Willys, resulted in the launch by Ford in 1968 do Corcel, a car whose style can be considered, roughly, an Americanized version of the Renault 12.
In the decade of 1990 returns to the country initially as an importer, and, later, as a manufacturer of modern plant opened in the city of Pinhais, Curitiba metropolitan região, in 1998.
Formula Renault na 1 (F1)
Renault has competed as a team in Formula 1 between 1977 and 1985, and again the year 2002 on, is the twice champion in the Constructors' Championship 2005 and em 2006 and making the double world champion Fernando Alonso the Drivers' World of year. In the period in which it competed with its own brand (decade of 1990) supplied engines to the Benetton team like WilliamsF1 and.
The Renault F1 Team debuted in the Formula 1 No GP de Inglaterra 1977 com o piloto French Jean-Pierre Jabouille. He scored his first points the following season with Jabouille the U.S. Grand Prix. No de ano 1979, Além of Jabouille, the team had the driver Rene Arnoux. This year the team won the victory in Formula 1 1 Grand Prix of France with Jabouille and Arnoux to complete the party arrived in the 3rd position.
In 1981, the team had the driver Alain Prost. No de ano 1983, Prost won the Championship for drivers and teams, also supplied engines for the Lotus team.
Prost Renault used by em 1983
He remained a team until the year 1985, but continued to supply engines to Lotus team by the year 1986.
Senna Lotus driving for not giving England GP 1986, em Brands Hatch.
Supplier of Engines
He returned to Formula 1 in 1989, providing engines for the Williams team. From this union won 5 Construtores titles (92, 93, 94, 96, 97) and 4 Drivers' titles, with Nigel Mansell (92), Alain Prost (93), Damon Hill (96) e Jacques Villeneuve (97). Renault also supplied engines to the Benetton team (95-97), winning the drivers' championship with Michael Schumacher and builders in the year 95. He retired again at the end of the slopes 1997.
O Williams of Nigel Mansell FW14B, used in 1992.
This year he was champion Mansell pilot,
and Williams in the constructors campeã
The returns as F1 team
At the end of 2000, Renault announces his return to Formula 1, by buying the Benetton team, but keeping the name of the team for another season.
O Benetton B194, carro do título de Modelo R27 da temporada 2007
Michael Schumacher em 1994
Em 2002, Renault again has an official team in Formula 1. The team had the drivers Jarno Trulli and Jenson Button. Em 2003, hiIn the driver Fernando Alonso to the place of Button, wins the first victory and pole position of the team after his return to Formula 1, Alonso were both achievements, becoming the youngest driver to get a win and one pole in the history of the sport. In season 2005 get 8 victories and 7 poles and wins the first constructors 'title in its history as a team and drivers' title with Fernando Alonso.
From 2007 the Renault team will not make it stamped on their cars yellow and blue colors that were used by its main sponsor of the Japanese brand Mild Seven cigarettes, because of his new sponsor to be the Dutch financial group ING, which is valued at 71,3 billion euros, the car is the colors blue and orange this season.
Apostles to disappointing season 2007, Renault brings 2008 double world champion Fernando Alonso, returning to team, and o estreante Nelson Piquet Ângelo “affectionately known as the Nelson“, both will have the task of consecrating the model R28.
